Poppy and hemp have attracted attention as plants that are in demand in different areas in the historical process. Although among these plants, opium obtained from poppy and cannabis obtained from hemp addressed to different areas they have common use in some areas. First of all, because of the sedative properties of both herbs, they are used and demanded for pleasure purposes, besides the pain relieving and therapeutic properties in the medical field. As in old societies, in Ottoman society, opium and cannabis are indispensable products of the health sector on the one hand, and on the other hand, they are used secretly for pleasure. The use of opium and cannabis for different purposes enabled the supply and demand market suitable for each purpose. In this process, as the opium and cannabis materials were intended to be used in the health sector in the Ottoman Empire, an effort was made to create a market order that includes marketing and sales processes, starting with production. On the other hand, fight policies have been adopted against the use for pleasure. This study, which deals with poppy and hemp plants, which have an important place in Ottoman economic and social life, with their drug supply dimension, aims to analyze poppy and hemp that are sources of drugs within the framework of Ottoman socioeconomic structure.