Objective: Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy (PB) is very important in preventing infec- tious complications, and in this study, we aimed to evaluate the antibiotic preferences of Turkish urologist for transrectal PB.

Material and methods: The survey about PB and antibiotic prophylaxis behaviors was administered to urologists working in Turkey who had previously participated in at least one international and one national congress.

Results: A total of 237 urologists were included in the study. Antibiotic prophylaxis prior to PB was per- formed by 234 (98.7%) participants. Rectal swabbing prior to PB was not performed by 227 (95.8%) par- ticipants. The most common complication associated with PB was prostatitis (63%), followed by urinary tract infection (29%). Only 25.7% of Turkish urologists reported a single dose of antibiotic prophylaxis. Our participants often administered antibiotic prophylaxis for a period of 3, 5, or 7 days (16%, 21.1%, 35.9%, respectively). The most common antibiotic agent preferred for prophylaxis was ciprofloxacin (65%).

Conclusion: The biopsy behavior of Turkish urologists was mostly compatible with the literature, but it was revealed that Turkish urologists do not prefer single-dose antibiotic therapy, and their practice patterns regarding the administration of pre-biopsy rectal swabbing are inconsistent with the literature.